Influence of water quality and pollution on broiler's performance, vaccine and antibiotic efficiencies

Abstract Good water quality for livestock is critical preserving animal health, ensuring the of products, supplying safe food, and increasing food production economics. Higher levels toxic compounds than permitted can impair meat, fat, eggs, milk production, lower fertility, represent public health hazards. Water picks up pollutants from its surroundings those caused by human activities. Many physicochemical parameters were used to ensure quality, including pH, salt, taste, color, alkalinity, odor, hardness. directly indirectly, impacts performance and, thus, poultry industry. Employing drinking as a carrier drugs still faces substantial barriers. The effectiveness vaccinations affected inadequate quality. Furthermore, contaminated poor nutrition negatively affect broiler chicken immunity, survival, production. Antibiotics are widely utilized in preserve growth. They eliminate harmful bacteria gut, reduce load on immune system, optimize digestive boost growth performance. However, abuse antibiotics agriculture has resulted antibiotic-resistant infections threatening people animals. As result positive impact metabolome gut microbiome, natural antimicrobial combination could be an alternative; improving without affecting environment currently paramount.